Vulnerability Scanning
According to Mandiant's M-Trends 2025 Report, 33% of initial infection vectors were the result of exploited vulnerabilities. These were primarily vulnerabilities in internet exposed VPN and firewall devices. Attackers scanning the internet identified and exploited these devices before, in many cases, exfiltrating data and deploying ransomware.
Vulnerability scanning is the process of using automated tools to quickly detect common vulnerabilities and misconfigurations in applications and infrastructure and provides a quick and cost-effective method to identify risk. This aids in the identification of vulnerabilities that may be exploitable by an attacker, and provides a baseline for future testing.
It is important to distinguish vulnerability scanning from penetration testing. As vulnerability scanning is intended to identify well-known issues, it can misidentify and overlook more nuanced issues and is not a replacement for manual testing, which is always advised to sift through false positives and negatives. It is however, an important tool within security testing and risk management frameworks and is especially useful for rapid and continuous assessments in quickly changing environments and for preparing for compliance assessments such as PCI-DSS.
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